Global expansion of nuclear power may draw more scrutiny and skepticism as the world watches Japan struggle to prevent a meltdown at a reactor damaged by a record earthquake, a former U.S. atomic regulator said.
An explosion at Tokyo Electric Power Co.'s Fukushima Daiichi No. 1 reactor, which had begun venting radioactive gas after its cooling system failed, injured four workers yesterday. The utility reported no damage to the building housing the reactor. It began flooding the reactor with sea water and boric acid today to prevent a meltdown and eliminate the potential for a catastrophic release of radiation.
Water levels temporarily fell at the utility's Daiichi No. 3 reactor, increasing the possibility of a hydrogen explosion at that reactor's building, Japan's Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano said in Tokyo today.
There are 442 reactors worldwide that supply about 15 percent of the globe's electricity, according to the London- based World Nuclear Association. There are plans to build more than 155 additional reactors, most of them in Asia, and 65 reactors are currently under construction, the association said on its website.
New Reactors Planned
Japan gets about a third of its electricity from 54 nuclear power plants, the third-most after the U.S. and France. Two reactors are under construction and 12 more are planned, according to the World Nuclear Association.
China is tripling the number of its reactors, building 27 units to add to the 13 now operating on the mainland, according to the association. China may consider the effects of the nuclear accident as it completes its energy plans for the 2011- 2015 period, Xie Zhenhua, vice chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission, said in Beijing.
India, which plans for a 13-fold increase in nuclear power generation, will reconsider its expansion as Japan's worst accident in at least 33 years forces a safety review of existing and proposed plants, Nuclear Power Corp. of India said.
'Big Dampener'
In the U.S., companies including Southern Co. and NRG Energy Inc. have submitted applications to build as many as 21 new reactors, adding to THE 104 existing units.
Three Mile Island
U.S. utilities canceled 14 nuclear plant orders in the wake of the 1979 partial meltdown at the Three Mile Island reactor in Pennsylvania, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency. The "immense" psychological effect of the accident spread through the Western world, the agency said in a report.
The U.S. should slow the construction of new domestic nuclear power plants until officials can assess whether the situation in Japan signals a need for additional safety measures, said Senator Joseph Lieberman of Connecticut, an independent who heads the Homeland Security Committee.
Twenty-three nuclear power plants in the U.S. were built according to designs that are similar to the Daiichi plant's, Lieberman said today on CBS's "Face the Nation."
Good Safety Record
Still, Lieberman said he supports nuclear power because "it's domestic and it's ours and it's clean." U.S. plants have had a good safety record since safety standards were upgraded after the Three Mile Island accident, he said.
Democratic Senator Charles Schumer of New York said he remains a supporter of domestic nuclear power.
GE Design
The damaged Japanese Daiichi No. 1 reactor, designed by General Electric Co., began commercial operation in 1971 and is similar to units still running in the U.S., said Cochran, who advised U.S. regulators on the cleanup of Three Mile Island.
Problems at the reactor may encourage the replacement of older models, said Sergei Novikov, a spokesman for Russia's state-owned nuclear holding company Rosatom Corp.
Rosatom is building 15 new reactors worldwide, more than any other international supplier, five of them outside Russia.
GE, the largest U.S.-based reactor builder, is focused on the situation at the reactor in Fukushima and staff weren't available to comment on the outlook for the industry, Michael Tetuan, a spokesman for the Fairfield, Connecticut-based company, said in an e-mailed message.
Troubling Situation
Patricia Marie, a spokesman for France's Areva SA, declined to comment today on the Fukushima situation or its effect on the nuclear industry.
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission is in talks with its Japanese counterparts, according to a press release. German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French Minister of Industry Eric Besson affirmed their nation's confidence in the safety of nuclear power.
It's too early to speculate on U.S. political and financial fallout from the accident in Fukushima, said Richard Myers, vice president for policy at the Washington-based Nuclear Energy Institute, which represents reactor owners and builders.
'Slow' Renaissance
Preliminary construction has begun on new reactors in Georgia and South Carolina, where state regulators allow companies to recover the cost of reactors as they are built, he said.
Avoiding disaster in Japan may help the industry prove its ability to handle emergencies, said Dale Klein, a former U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission chairman and a professor of nuclear engineering at the University of Texas at Austin.
